Composite Materials

Carbon fiber / fiberglass is a directional periodic structure, and the normal warp and weft can be modeled. Missing weft, warp breaks and skipped yarn disrupt that period, and any deviation detected triggers an alarm. Modeling depends on a standard woven sample.

Use polarization plus low-angle light to suppress specular reflection from the resin, with multi-angle fusion when necessary. With strong reflections, a single view inevitably lacks information.

No. Delamination and voids are internal defects, Surface vision cannot make the judgement, requiring ultrasonic, X-ray, CT and other non-destructive testing. Vision only handles surface appearance, so the division of labour must be stated clearly.

Determined by camera resolution and field of view; it must be derived from the minimum defect size and confirmed by measurement, to be added.

Yes, this falls under fabric structure criteria: checking whether the warp and weft directions are offset and whether the layup alignment is accurate. Standard layup orientation samples must be provided.

It is visible only when the error is reflected on the surface (such as edge misalignment); internal alignment between layers requires other methods. Single-side imaging cannot deal with internal interlayer errors.

We recommend retaining defect images and coordinates linked to the material roll / batch number for layup avoidance and quality traceability. The specific interface is determined by the production line system.

The implementation constraints commonly seen in this industry center on: "carbon fiber / fiberglass has a strongly directional lattice pattern, and defects share the same frequency as the texture"; "the prepreg resin surface has a mirror-like gloss, and reflections must be suppressed to see the underlying pattern"; "the gray level of the fabric varies greatly with angle, so the acceptance criteria must be stable". These constraints affect both the imaging solution and the cycle-time design. Normally a sample trial is needed to validate before the configuration is finalized.

Visual inspection locates surface defects so that plies can avoid them, while internal defects (delamination, porosity) are routed directly to non-destructive processes such as ultrasound / X-ray — a clear division of labor rather than an overreaching promise. We recommend keeping the defect images and position coordinates to make avoidance and traceability easier during subsequent ply layup.

Common forms include: "advanced materials inspection equipment", "defense composite material inspection equipment", "aerospace materials inspection equipment". The specific machine model and quantity depend on the inspection area, the minimum defect size and the line cycle time, and must be confirmed according to the site conditions.

The most common is: "identification of weaving defects such as missing weft, broken warp and floating yarn"; "verification of fiber direction deviation and ply alignment"; "identification of wrinkles, foreign matter and stains in prepreg". Which process steps to actually instrument depends on the cost of defects escaping downstream and the cost of rework—the later a defect is found, the higher the cost.

Please provide carbon fiber / fiberglass / aramid samples (including samples of weaving defects, wrinkles and stains) and a standard weave sample, and state whether an internal defect re-inspection process is included. In general, as long as the acceptance criteria can be stated clearly, the defects can image clearly and consistently, and the cycle time matches the field of view, the project's feasibility is confirmed.

Accuracy is not a fixed value that holds regardless of conditions. To be added — the minimum detectable size depends on the combination of field of view and camera resolution, and is also affected by illumination, lens and algorithm; the configuration must be derived from your minimum defect size and validated by measurement.